T2Rfamilien
The T2R family, also known as TAS2Rs in humans, comprises bitter taste receptor proteins that belong to the family of G protein-coupled receptors. They are predominantly expressed in type II taste receptor cells within taste buds on the tongue and in other oral epithelia, where they detect a wide range of bitter compounds, including plant alkaloids and microbial metabolites. The activity of these receptors contributes to the perception of bitterness and helps identify potentially toxic substances.
Each T2R is a seven-transmembrane GPCR encoded by a single gene. The human genome contains roughly two
Upon ligand binding, T2Rs activate heterotrimeric G proteins, typically gustducin (GNAT3), which stimulates phospholipase Cβ2 (PLCβ2).
Beyond taste, T2Rs are expressed in various tissues, including the gut and upper airway epithelia, where they
The T2R family shows rapid evolution and substantial species-specific diversification. Ongoing research aims to deorphanize receptors,