Tütarkromatiidide

Tütarkromatiidide is the Estonian term for sister chromatids. Sister chromatids are two identical copies of a single chromosome that are produced when a chromosome is replicated during DNA synthesis in the S phase of the cell cycle. These two identical strands are attached to each other at a region called the centromere.

During cell division, specifically mitosis and meiosis, the sister chromatids are separated. In mitosis, they are pulled apart and distributed to opposite poles of the cell, ensuring that each daughter cell receives a complete set of chromosomes. In meiosis, the first meiotic division separates homologous chromosomes, and the second meiotic division then separates the sister chromatids, resulting in four genetically distinct haploid daughter cells.

The precise separation of sister chromatids is crucial for maintaining genetic stability. Errors in this process can lead to aneuploidy, a condition where cells have an abnormal number of chromosomes, which is often associated with developmental disorders and cancer. The formation and separation of sister chromatids are tightly regulated by a complex machinery involving proteins like cohesin, which holds them together, and motor proteins, which facilitate their movement during cell division. Understanding the behavior of sister chromatids is fundamental to comprehending cell division and its implications for health and disease.