Töltéshordozóként

Töltéshordozóként is a Hungarian term that translates to "charge carrier" in English. In the context of physics and electrical engineering, a charge carrier is any particle that possesses an electric charge and is free to move within a material, enabling the flow of electric current.

The most common types of charge carriers are electrons and holes. In metallic conductors, electrons are the primary charge carriers. These are negatively charged subatomic particles that are loosely bound to their atoms and can easily move from one atom to another when an electric potential difference is applied. In semiconductors, both electrons and holes act as charge carriers. Electrons in the conduction band are negatively charged, while holes, which represent the absence of an electron in the valence band, behave as positively charged entities.

Other charged particles can also act as charge carriers in different materials or conditions. For instance, in electrolytes, ions (atoms or molecules that have gained or lost electrons, thus acquiring a net electrical charge) are the charge carriers. In plasmas, which are ionized gases, both free electrons and ions contribute to electrical conductivity. The type and behavior of charge carriers are fundamental to understanding the electrical properties and applications of various materials, from simple wires to complex electronic devices. The movement of these charge carriers constitutes an electric current, which is the basis of all electrical technology.