Sémakezelés

Sémakezelés is the practice of managing schemas—structured definitions of data shapes, types, constraints and their meanings—across information systems. It covers specification, storage, evolution, validation, and exchange of schemas and related semantic models, with the aim of enabling data interoperability and quality and of supporting automated reasoning as data changes.

Core activities include designing domain schemas; versioning and lifecycle management; validating data against schemas; mapping and transforming between schemas to enable interoperability; and governance tasks such as provenance, access control, and impact assessment.

Applications include relational databases and data warehouses, data integration platforms, knowledge graphs and semantic web projects, digital libraries, and content management systems. Standards used in sémakezelés include XML Schema (XSD), JSON Schema, RDF and OWL for semantic schemas, SHACL for constraints; and mapping approaches such as R2RML. For serialization and streaming, schema registries and formats like Avro or Protobuf are commonly employed.

Challenges involve schema evolution and compatibility, versioning dependencies, performance implications of rich schemas, governance and data lineage, and maintaining consistent semantics across heterogeneous systems.

Sémakezelés intersects metadata management, ontology development, data governance, and interoperability in distributed information environments.