Szuperfluíd

Szuperfluíd is a state of matter that exhibits zero viscosity. This means that a super fluid can flow indefinitely without losing energy due to friction. This phenomenon occurs at extremely low temperatures, close to absolute zero.

The concept of super fluidity was first theorized by Soviet physicist Lev Landau in 1941 and experimentally observed in liquid helium by Pyotr Kapitsa and John Allen in 1937. When helium is cooled below a critical temperature of about 2.17 Kelvin, it transitions into a super fluid state.

In this state, super fluids exhibit peculiar behaviors. They can creep up the walls of containers and flow through incredibly narrow openings, even those smaller than the size of atoms. This ability to bypass obstacles is a direct consequence of their zero viscosity. Another remarkable property is the absence of entropy, meaning there is no disorder or randomness in the fluid's motion at this quantum level.

Super fluidity is a macroscopic quantum mechanical phenomenon. It demonstrates that quantum effects, typically observed at the atomic or subatomic level, can manifest on a large scale. The study of super fluids has provided invaluable insights into the nature of quantum mechanics and has applications in fields like condensed matter physics and astrophysics.