Szulfátészter

Szulfátészter is the Hungarian term for sulfate ester. A sulfate ester is a chemical compound where a sulfate group (SO4) is attached to an organic molecule through one or more oxygen atoms. The general formula for a sulfate ester is R-O-SO2-O-R', where R and R' represent organic groups, which can be alkyl, aryl, or other organic radicals. If only one organic group is attached to the sulfate group, it is a monoester with the formula R-O-SO3-X, where X is a cation such as sodium or potassium, making it a salt of a sulfuric acid monoester. If both oxygen atoms of the sulfate group are attached to organic groups, it is a diester with the formula R-O-SO2-O-R'.

Sulfate esters are important in organic chemistry and biochemistry. Many biologically significant molecules, such as heparin and chondroitin sulfate, contain sulfate ester linkages. In synthetic organic chemistry, they are used as alkylating agents due to the good leaving group ability of the sulfate moiety. For example, dimethyl sulfate and diethyl sulfate are common reagents for methylating and ethylating various nucleophiles. They are typically prepared by reacting an alcohol with a sulfuryl halide or by reacting an alcohol with sulfuric acid or sulfur trioxide under controlled conditions. The properties of sulfate esters vary greatly depending on the nature of the organic substituents.