Szerfüggség

Szerfüggőség is a Hungarian term that translates to "serf dependence" or "serfage" in English. It refers to the historical condition of serfdom in Hungary, a system that tied peasants to the land and their lord. This system was prevalent for centuries, deeply ingrained in the socio-economic structure of the Kingdom of Hungary.

Under serfdom, individuals were not outright slaves but were bound to the land owned by a noble or the crown. They were obligated to provide labor, agricultural produce, and various taxes to their lord. In return, they were granted a plot of land to cultivate for their own subsistence and were theoretically protected by the lord. However, their freedom of movement was severely restricted, and they could not leave the land without the lord's permission. Marriage outside the lord's estate also often required consent and associated fees.

The origins of szerfüggőség can be traced back to the early medieval period, influenced by feudal practices across Europe. Over time, the obligations and rights of both serfs and lords evolved. Significant changes occurred in the 18th century with the reforms of Empress Maria Theresa and Emperor Joseph II, which aimed to alleviate the burdens on serfs and regulate their relationship with landowners.

The complete abolition of serfdom in Hungary, along with widespread land redistribution, finally occurred in 1848 during the Hungarian Revolution, marking a pivotal moment in the country's social and economic history and the end of szerfüggőség as a legal institution.