Sympathektomií

Sympathektomií, also known as sympathectomy, is a surgical procedure that involves the cutting or clamping of sympathetic nerves. The sympathetic nervous system is part of the autonomic nervous system, responsible for regulating involuntary bodily functions such as heart rate, blood pressure, sweating, and digestion. Sympathectomy is performed to treat certain medical conditions where the sympathetic nervous system is overactive.

One common indication for sympathectomy is hyperhidrosis, a condition characterized by excessive sweating, particularly in the hands, feet, face, or armpits. By interrupting the nerve signals that stimulate sweat glands, the procedure can significantly reduce or eliminate sweating in the affected areas. Another application is the treatment of Raynaud's disease, a condition that causes reduced blood flow to the extremities, leading to pain and discoloration. Sympathectomy can improve circulation by blocking the nerve signals that cause blood vessels to constrict. It has also been used in the management of certain types of chronic pain, such as phantom limb pain or pain associated with shingles, and in some cases of thoracic outlet syndrome.

The procedure is typically performed using minimally invasive techniques, such as thoracoscopic sympathectomy, where small incisions are made and a camera is used to guide the instruments. The specific nerves targeted depend on the condition being treated. While sympathectomy can be effective for these conditions, potential risks and side effects exist, including compensatory sweating (increased sweating in other areas), nerve pain, Horner's syndrome (drooping eyelid, constricted pupil, and decreased facial sweating), and pneumatic effusion. The decision to undergo sympathectomy requires careful consideration of the benefits versus the potential complications and should be discussed thoroughly with a qualified medical professional.