Superfluidem

Superfluidem is a proposed phase of quantum matter characterized by dissipationless mass transport and macroscopic phase coherence, extending the idea of superfluidity to certain strongly interacting systems under specialized conditions. In this hypothetical state, a large fraction of the system participates in a single quantum phase, yielding vanishing viscosity at macroscopic scales and the ability to sustain persistent currents in the presence of weak perturbations.

Its theoretical description builds on extensions of the Gross-Pitaevskii framework and the two-fluid model. Many models employ multi-component order parameters, coupled hydrodynamics, and sometimes emergent gauge fields or spin textures. Predictions include robust frictionless flow through rough channels, modified collective-mode spectra, and exotic vortex structures.

Experimental status is unsettled. Potential signatures include unusually low damping of oscillations, persistent currents in engineered geometries, and second-sound–like modes distinct from ordinary superfluids. Candidate platforms include ultracold atomic mixtures with tailored interactions, spin-orbit coupled condensates, and driven-dissipative solid-state fluids such as exciton-polariton systems. Distinguishing true superfluidem behavior from conventional superfluidity and finite-temperature effects remains challenging.

See also: superfluidity, Bose-Einstein condensate, two-fluid model, exciton-polariton condensates.