Suolistoneste

Suolistoneste, also known as intestinal fluid or succus entericus, is a clear to yellowish, alkaline liquid secreted by the glands of the small intestine. It plays a crucial role in the digestion and absorption of food. The secretion of suolistoneste is a continuous process, with an average daily production of around 2 liters.

This fluid contains a variety of enzymes essential for breaking down carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. Key enzymes include peptidases, which further break down peptides into amino acids, sucrase, lactase, and maltase, which hydrolyze disaccharides into monosaccharides, and small amounts of lipase for fat digestion. Suolistoneste also contains mucus, which lubricates the intestinal wall and protects it from digestive enzymes and mechanical irritation. Bicarbonate ions are present, contributing to the alkaline pH (around 7.6-8.0), which neutralizes the acidic chyme coming from the stomach, creating an optimal environment for intestinal enzymes to function.

The composition and volume of suolistoneste are influenced by the presence of food in the small intestine. Mechanical and chemical stimuli, such as the stretching of the intestinal wall and the presence of partially digested food, trigger its secretion. Peristalsis, the muscular contractions of the intestine, mixes the suolistoneste with the food, facilitating enzymatic action and nutrient absorption. Once its digestive functions are complete, suolistoneste is largely reabsorbed along with nutrients in the large intestine. Any remaining fluid is eliminated with feces. Disruptions in suolistoneste production or function can lead to malabsorption and digestive disorders.