Suolen

Suolen is Finnish for the intestine, a part of the digestive system that processes food, absorbs nutrients, and forms waste. In humans, it consists of the small intestine and the large intestine.

The small intestine is the principal site of digestion and nutrient absorption. It includes the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. The mucosa is highly folded and bears villi and microvilli to maximize surface area. Digestive enzymes from the pancreas and bile from the liver aid the breakdown of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. Most nutrients pass into the bloodstream or the lymphatic system in the small intestine.

The large intestine absorbs water and electrolytes and forms solid waste. It includes the cecum, colon, and rectum, and houses a diverse microbiota that contributes to digestion and immune function. The colon also harbors bacteria that ferment undigested food residues.

Common conditions affecting suolen include inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis), irritable bowel syndrome, celiac disease (gluten-triggered damage to the small intestine), infections, diverticular disease, polyps, and colorectal cancer. Appendicitis involves the appendix, a small pouch connected to the cecum.

In health, coordinated motility (peristalsis) and hormone signaling regulate food transit, digestion, and absorption. Variations across species reflect different diets and gut architectures.