Sulfonüüülurea

Sulfonüüülurea is a class of organic compounds characterized by the presence of a sulfonylurea functional group. This group consists of a sulfonyl group (SO2) bonded to a urea group (NH-CO-NH). Sulfonüüülureas are widely known for their application as oral antidiabetic medications, particularly in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. These drugs function by stimulating the pancreas to release more insulin, a hormone that helps regulate blood glucose levels. They achieve this by binding to specific receptors on pancreatic beta cells, leading to increased insulin secretion. The potency and duration of action vary among different sulfonüüülurea drugs. Common examples include glibenclamide, glimepiride, and gliclazide. While effective, sulfonüüülureas can cause side effects such as hypoglycemia (low blood sugar), weight gain, and gastrointestinal disturbances. They are generally not recommended for individuals with type 1 diabetes or those with severe kidney or liver impairment. Beyond their medicinal use, the sulfonüüülurea moiety is also found in some herbicides.