Sulfaationiin

Sulfaationiin is not a term recognized in standard scientific nomenclature. It appears to be a misspelling or a language-specific variant of sulfation. Because the term is not established in the literature, this article summarizes sulfation and notes that sulfaationiin, if used, would typically refer to the same biochemical modification.

Sulfation is a biochemical process in which a sulfate group is transferred to a substrate, forming a sulfate ester or a sulfate-containing molecule. The reaction is catalyzed by sulfotransferase enzymes that use 3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate (PAPS) as the universal sulfate donor. Enzymes include cytosolic sulfotransferases (SULTs) and, in certain contexts, Golgi-localized sulfotransferases such as tyrosyl protein sulfotransferases (TPSTs). Substrates include small molecules like hormones, neurotransmitters, and drugs, as well as macromolecules such as proteoglycans and glycoproteins. The modification increases polarity and often enhances solubility for excretion or modulates biological activity.

Biological roles of sulfation are diverse. It influences detoxification and pharmacokinetics, hormone and neurotransmitter signaling, and the structural properties of the extracellular matrix through proteoglycan sulfation. Genetic variation in SULT isoforms and the availability of the sulfate donor PAPS contribute to interindividual differences in sulfation capacity, which can affect drug response and metabolism.

In related contexts, chemical sulfation refers to forming sulfate esters in organic synthesis, typically using reagents such as sulfur trioxide–pyridine or chlorosulfonic acid. Sulfation in atmospheric chemistry, involving the formation of sulfate aerosols, is a distinct process with environmental implications.