Sulfüülrühma

Sulfüülrühma, also known as a sulfonyl group, is a functional group in organic chemistry with the general formula R-SO2-R', where R and R' are organic substituents. It consists of a sulfur atom double-bonded to two oxygen atoms and single-bonded to two other atoms or groups. This arrangement gives the sulfonyl group a tetrahedral geometry around the sulfur atom. The sulfur atom in a sulfonyl group is in its highest oxidation state of +6.

Sulfonyl groups are found in various important chemical compounds, including sulfonamides and sulfonic acids. Sulfonamides, characterized by the R-SO2-NR'R'' structure, are a class of drugs known for their antibacterial properties, historically important as the first effective systemic antibacterial agents. Sulfonic acids, with the general formula R-SO3H, are strong acids, comparable in acidity to sulfuric acid. They are often used as catalysts in organic reactions and as components in detergents and dyes due to their water-solubilizing properties.

The sulfonyl group is generally stable and electron-withdrawing, which can influence the reactivity of adjacent parts of a molecule. Its presence can increase the acidity of nearby protons or affect the susceptibility of bonds to nucleophilic or electrophilic attack. The chemical properties of sulfonyl-containing compounds are diverse and depend heavily on the nature of the R and R' substituents attached to the sulfonyl core.