Subtropiki

Subtropiki is the term used in several languages, including Polish, to denote the subtropics—the climatic and biogeographic zone that lies between the tropics and temperate regions. It does not refer to a single fixed place, but to a broad belt in both hemispheres where climate and ecosystems share certain characteristics. The exact boundaries vary by definition, but the zone is typically found roughly between 23.5 degrees and 40 degrees of latitude north and south.

Climatically, subtropical regions can be divided into subtypes such as humid subtropics and dry or Mediterranean subtropics. Humid subtropics feature hot summers, mild winters, and ample rainfall, supporting evergreen forests and dense vegetation. Dry subtropics have pronounced dry summers and more seasonal rainfall, giving rise to scrublands, olive and almond groves, and other drought-tolerant ecosystems. The growing season is long, and frost is uncommon in low-lying areas but can occur at higher elevations.

Flora and fauna in subtropical zones are diverse and adapted to seasonal contrasts. Common vegetation includes citrus, olive, grapevines, magnolias, and eucalyptus in some regions, while fauna ranges from small mammals and birds to larger species dependent on regional habitats.

Human activity is extensive in subtropics, with agriculture, forestry, and tourism playing major roles. Agriculture emphasizes citrus fruits, olives, grapes, tea in some zones, and vegetables suited to long growing seasons. Climate change is shifting subtropical boundaries poleward and increasing the frequency of heat waves and drought in many areas.