Substanzidentifikation

Substanzidentifikation refers to the process of determining the chemical identity of a substance. This is a crucial step in many scientific and industrial fields, including chemistry, pharmacology, forensics, and materials science. The goal is to unequivocally confirm that a given sample is what it is claimed to be, or to discover its unknown composition.

Various analytical techniques are employed for substanzidentifikation. Spectroscopy, such as infrared (IR) spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry (MS), provides detailed information about a substance's molecular structure and composition. Chromatography, like gas chromatography (GC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), separates components within a mixture, allowing for the identification of individual substances based on their retention times and subsequent analysis.

Other methods may include elemental analysis, which determines the elemental composition of a compound, and X-ray diffraction (XRD), used for identifying crystalline solids. The choice of technique or combination of techniques depends on the nature of the substance, the required level of certainty, and available resources. Accurate substanzidentifikation is essential for quality control, safety, research, and legal proceedings.