Subjektem

Subjektem is the instrumental singular form of the Czech noun subjekt, which means “subject” in the sense of a clause’s participant or topic. The form subjektem is used when the noun is in the instrumental case, a grammatical category that marks means, instrument, or certain syntactic relations in Czech.

In Czech grammar, the instrumental case is one of the noun cases used to indicate function in clauses beyond the nominative. It commonly expresses means or instrument, and it also appears in various constructions that relate to agents or collaborators in passive or semi-passive expressions. The specific form subjektem therefore appears in contexts where the subject noun participates in these instrumental functions, depending on the surrounding syntactic structure.

Cross-linguistic note: in related languages, the exact instrumental form differs. For example, Slovak uses subjektom as the instrumental singular. Other languages with similar noun-expressions for “subject” may have distinct declension patterns and terminology.

Etymology: subjekt derives from Latin subjectus, with later influence through various European linguistic layers, and has been established in the Czech lexicon for many centuries to denote the grammatical subject.

See also: Subjekt (subject), grammar, instrumental case.