Streuungspotentialfunktion

Streuungspotentialfunktion, also known as the scattering potential function, is a concept in quantum mechanics and scattering theory that describes the potential energy experienced by a particle as it interacts with a target. It is a fundamental component in the analysis of scattering processes, where particles are deflected or absorbed by a target.

The scattering potential function is typically denoted by V(r), where r is the position vector of the particle relative to the target. This function encapsulates the interaction between the incident particle and the target, and it can vary depending on the nature of the interaction. For example, in the case of a hard-sphere potential, V(r) is zero outside the sphere and infinite inside, representing a perfectly rigid boundary. In contrast, a soft-sphere potential might have a finite value inside the sphere, representing a more gradual interaction.

The scattering potential function plays a crucial role in the Born approximation, a common method used to calculate scattering cross-sections. In this approximation, the scattering amplitude is proportional to the Fourier transform of the scattering potential function. This relationship allows for the calculation of scattering probabilities and cross-sections, which are essential for understanding and predicting scattering phenomena in various fields, including particle physics, atomic and molecular physics, and materials science.