Stjórnunarskráar

Stjórnunarskráar, also known as the Constitution of Iceland, is the supreme law of the Republic of Iceland. It outlines the structure and functions of the government, the rights and freedoms of citizens, and the principles that guide the country. The current Stjórnunarskráar was adopted on June 17, 1944, and has since been amended several times to reflect changes in society and governance.

The Stjórnunarskráar is divided into chapters, each addressing a specific aspect of governance. Chapter 1, for example, deals with the sovereignty of the people and the basic principles of the state, including the separation of powers among the legislative, executive, and judicial branches. Chapter 2 focuses on the rights and freedoms of individuals, such as the right to life, liberty, and security, as well as the right to a fair trial.

The Stjórnunarskráar also establishes the Althing, the national parliament of Iceland, as the legislative body. It outlines the powers and responsibilities of the President of Iceland, who serves as the head of state, and the Prime Minister, who is the head of government. The constitution also provides for an independent judiciary, ensuring the separation of powers and the protection of individual rights.

Amendments to the Stjórnunarskráar require a two-thirds majority in the Althing and approval in a referendum, with a majority of voters supporting the change. This process ensures that significant alterations to the constitution are subject to broad public approval.

The Stjórnunarskráar plays a crucial role in Iceland's political system by providing a framework for governance and protecting the rights of its citizens. It is a living document that continues to evolve in response to the changing needs and values of the Icelandic people.