Standardipotentiaalista

Standardipotentiaalista, often translated as standard electrode potential or standard reduction potential, is a fundamental concept in electrochemistry. It quantifies the tendency of a chemical species to gain electrons and be reduced under standard conditions. These standard conditions are defined as a temperature of 298.15 Kelvin (25 degrees Celsius), a pressure of 1 bar (100 kilopascals), and an electrolyte concentration of 1 molar for all dissolved species.

The standard electrode potential is measured relative to a standard hydrogen electrode (SHE), which is assigned a potential of 0 volts. A species with a positive standard reduction potential has a greater tendency to be reduced than hydrogen ions. Conversely, a species with a negative standard reduction potential has a lesser tendency to be reduced than hydrogen ions, meaning it is more likely to be oxidized.

This value is crucial for predicting the spontaneity of redox reactions. By comparing the standard reduction potentials of two half-cells, one can determine which species will be reduced and which will be oxidized when they are connected. The difference in their standard potentials directly relates to the cell potential, which indicates the driving force of the electrochemical reaction. Standard reduction potentials are tabulated for numerous half-reactions and are essential tools for chemists and engineers working with batteries, fuel cells, and corrosion processes.