Spårgeometrin

Spårgeometrin, or track geometry, refers to the precise spatial arrangement and configuration of railway tracks. It encompasses several key elements that define the track's path and its physical characteristics. Gauge is the distance between the inner edges of the two running rails, and maintaining the correct gauge is crucial for safe operation. Alignment describes the horizontal curvature of the track, including straight sections and curves of varying radii. Vertical alignment, also known as profile, defines the track's elevation changes, incorporating gradients and vertical curves. Cant, or superelevation, is the banking of a curved track where the outer rail is raised higher than the inner rail, designed to counteract centrifugal forces and allow for higher speeds. Ballast, the crushed stone bed supporting the sleepers and rails, is also a critical component that influences track geometry by providing stability and drainage.

The precise control of spårgeometrin is essential for the safe and efficient operation of trains. Deviations from the specified geometry can lead to increased wear on rails and rolling stock, a reduction in operational speed, and a heightened risk of derailment. Regular monitoring and maintenance, often using specialized track recording vehicles, are therefore undertaken to ensure that the track geometry remains within acceptable tolerances. Sophisticated surveying and engineering techniques are employed during the design and construction phases to establish and maintain the required spårgeometrin, forming the foundation for a reliable railway network.