Spiralfeder

Spiralfeder is the German term for a spiral or helical spring, a mechanical device made by winding a wire into a helix to store energy, resist deflection, or exert a force. Spiral springs are used in a broad range of devices, from precision instruments and timers to automotive components, and can operate under compression, extension, or torsion.

Common forms include compression springs (resisting axial compression), extension springs (resisting elongation), and torsion springs (producing torque when twisted). Flat spiral springs and conical coil variations are used in clocks, watches, measuring instruments, and some mechanisms requiring compact form factors.

Materials vary by application. Steel alloys such as high-carbon or stainless steel provide strength and stiffness, while phosphor bronze and brass are used for corrosion resistance, conductivity, or low-friction needs. Manufacturing involves drawing and coiling wire to the target diameter and pitch, heat treating, end finishing (ground or squared ends), and sometimes shot peening to improve fatigue life.

Key specifications include the spring constant, load capacity, deflection range, and fatigue life. Temperature, corrosion, and wear influence performance and longevity. Spiral springs are prominent in engines (valve springs), suspension systems, clocks and timers, vending and consumer electronics, and many mechanical assemblies.