Sphenophryne

Sphenophryne is a genus of microhylid frogs found in New Guinea and surrounding islands. These frogs are characterized by their small size, triangular heads, and broad, flattened bodies. They are often referred to as "box frogs" due to their body shape. Sphenophryne frogs are primarily terrestrial and inhabit leaf litter, forest floors, and moist environments. They are typically nocturnal and feed on small invertebrates such as ants, termites, and mites.

The genus Sphenophryne was first described by George Albert Boulenger in 1887. Currently, there are several recognized species within the genus, although taxonomic revisions are ongoing and the exact number of species can vary. Some notable species include Sphenophryne breviceps, Sphenophryne robusta, and Sphenophryne allisonae. Their reproduction usually involves direct development, where eggs hatch into miniature frogs, bypassing a tadpole stage. This adaptation is common in species living in environments where aquatic breeding sites may be scarce or unreliable.

Conservation statuses for Sphenophryne species vary. Some are considered of Least Concern by the IUCN, while others face threats from habitat loss and degradation due to deforestation, agriculture, and mining activities. Their limited range and specialized habitat requirements can make them particularly vulnerable to environmental changes. Further research is needed to fully understand their population dynamics and ecological roles.