Sphenopalatina

Sphenopalatina is a term used in anatomy to designate structures associated with the sphenoid and palatine bones, particularly the sphenopalatine foramen and the vessels and nerves that pass through it. It can refer to the region itself as well as to the sphenopalatine artery and the sphenopalatine nerve that traverse or arise in the vicinity.

The sphenopalatine foramen is an opening in the posterolateral wall of the nasal cavity at the junction of the sphenoid and palatine bones. It transmits the sphenopalatine artery and vein, and the nasopalatine nerve along with posterior superior nasal nerves. These structures supply and innervate the nasal mucosa, especially the posterior portions of the nasal cavity.

Sphenopalatine artery and related vessels originate from the maxillary artery as terminal branches. The artery enters the nasal cavity through the sphenopalatine foramen and gives rise to posterior superior nasal branches that nourish the mucosa of the superior and lateral nasal walls. Clinically, the sphenopalatine artery is a common source of posterior epistaxis, and its ligation or endoscopic control is a recognized treatment for severe nasal hemorrhage.

Clinical relevance centers on the sphenopalatine foramen as a key anatomic landmark in ENT procedures, including endoscopic sinus surgery and management of nasal bleeding. Its contents and adjacent structures are important for understanding nasal vascular supply and sensory innervation.