Spektrofotometriát

Spektrofotometriát is a method used in chemistry and physics to measure how much light a chemical substance absorbs. It works by passing a beam of light through a sample and then measuring the intensity of the light that passes through. The amount of light absorbed by the sample is then determined. This technique is based on the principle that different substances absorb different wavelengths of light. By analyzing the absorption spectrum of a sample, one can identify the substance and determine its concentration.

The instrument used for spectrophotometry is called a spectrophotometer. It consists of a light source, a wavelength selector (like a prism or diffraction grating), a sample holder, and a detector. The light source emits a broad spectrum of light, which is then dispersed into its constituent wavelengths by the wavelength selector. A specific wavelength is chosen and directed through the sample. The detector measures the intensity of the transmitted light. The ratio of the incident light intensity to the transmitted light intensity, often expressed as absorbance, is then calculated.

Spektrofotometriát has a wide range of applications. It is commonly used in analytical chemistry to determine the concentration of a substance in a solution. This is achieved by comparing the absorbance of the sample to a calibration curve prepared from known concentrations of the substance. In biochemistry, it is used to study enzyme kinetics, protein concentrations, and DNA analysis. It also finds applications in environmental monitoring for detecting pollutants and in quality control in industries such as food and pharmaceuticals. The accuracy and sensitivity of spectrophotometry make it a valuable tool for quantitative and qualitative analysis.