Spektriimaging

Spektriimaging is an imaging modality that combines spatial resolution with spectral information by capturing, for each image pixel, a spectrum across a range of wavelengths. The data are typically organized as a three-dimensional cube (x, y, λ), enabling analysis of material composition, chemical states, and functional properties based on spectral signatures.

Various implementations exist. Hyperspectral imaging records dozens to hundreds of narrow spectral bands; multispectral imaging uses fewer bands; snapshot spectral imaging aims to capture the full cube in a single exposure, sometimes using coded apertures or mosaic filters; integral field spectrographs use an array of microlenses or fibers to project spatial elements into a spectrograph, producing a datacube.

Acquisition involves a dispersive element such as a grating or prism, and a detector array like a CCD or CMOS sensor, with calibration for radiometric, spectral, and geometric accuracy. Data processing includes spectral calibration, noise reduction, and operations such as spectral unmixing, endmember extraction, and classification to identify materials or tissues.

Applications span remote sensing, agriculture, mineralogy, environmental monitoring, medical diagnostics and fluorescence imaging, art conservation, and industrial quality control. In astronomy, spektriimaging (often called integral field spectroscopy) enables spatially resolved spectroscopy of galaxies and nebulae.

Challenges include large data volumes, the need for robust calibration and correction (e.g., atmospheric effects in airborne or satellite systems), trade-offs between spatial and spectral resolution, speed of acquisition, and cost of instrumentation.