Spectrometrische

Spectrometrische, or spectrometric techniques, are analytical methods that quantify properties of matter by measuring its interaction with electromagnetic radiation or other energetic probes. The central goal is to obtain a spectrum—how signal intensity varies with wavelength, frequency, or mass—and to relate spectral features to the composition, structure, or state of a sample.

Techniques include optical spectroscopy (absorption, emission, fluorescence, infrared, Raman), atomic spectroscopy (absorption and emission), and mass spectrometry. Instruments comprise spectrometers or spectrographs with dispersive elements (prisms or diffraction gratings) and detectors (CCD, photomultiplier), coupled to light sources (lamps, lasers) or ionization sources (electrospray, MALDI). The field covers a range of modalities, from measuring light interacting with materials to detecting ions based on mass-to-charge ratio.

Applications span chemistry, materials science, biology, environmental monitoring, pharmaceuticals, geology, and art authentication. Data processing involves calibration with standards, correction for instrument response, and interpretation of spectral features to identify substances, quantify concentrations, or derive structural information. The field traces its origins to early 19th-century work by Fraunhofer, Kirchhoff, and Bunsen, and has grown with advances in detectors, lasers, and computation.