Spectrofotometri

Spectrofotometri is a method used to measure how much light a chemical substance absorbs. It works by passing a beam of light through a sample and then measuring the intensity of the light that passes through. The amount of light absorbed by the sample is then related to the concentration of the substance in the sample. Spectrofotometri is a versatile technique that can be used to analyze a wide range of substances, including organic molecules, inorganic ions, and biological samples. It is commonly used in fields such as chemistry, biology, medicine, and environmental science.

The basic principle behind spectrofotometri is the Beer-Lambert Law, which states that the absorbance of a solution is directly proportional to the concentration of the analyte and the path length of the light beam through the solution. The instrument used for spectrofotometri is called a spectrofotometer. It typically consists of a light source, a monochromator to select a specific wavelength of light, a sample holder, and a detector to measure the intensity of the transmitted light. By measuring the absorbance at different wavelengths, one can obtain an absorption spectrum, which can be used to identify and quantify substances.

Spectrofotometri has numerous applications. In chemistry, it is used for quantitative analysis, determining the concentration of unknown solutions. In biology, it can be used to measure the concentration of proteins, nucleic acids, and other biomolecules. In clinical diagnostics, it is employed for analyzing blood and urine samples. Environmental monitoring also utilizes spectrofotometri to detect pollutants in water and air. The technique's sensitivity and specificity make it an indispensable tool in various scientific and industrial settings.