Sormenjälkitutkimus

Sormenjälkitutkimus, known in English as fingerprint analysis or dactyloscopy, is a scientific method used to identify and compare individuals based on their unique fingerprint patterns. Fingerprints are formed by the friction ridges on the skin of the fingers and thumbs. These patterns are developed during fetal development and are believed to be unique to each individual, even identical twins. The three main fingerprint patterns are loops, whorls, and arches, each with further classifications.

The process of fingerprint analysis involves several steps. First, latent fingerprints, which are invisible to the naked eye and are left behind by the transfer of oils and sweat, are collected from a crime scene. This is often done using powders or chemical treatments. Once collected, these latent prints are compared to known fingerprints, either from a suspect or from a database. This comparison is typically performed by trained fingerprint examiners who look for matching characteristics called minutiae, such as ridge endings, bifurcations (where a ridge splits), and dots.

Sormenjälkitutkimus is a cornerstone of forensic science and has been used for over a century in criminal investigations. Its reliability stems from the inherent uniqueness and permanence of fingerprints. While the technology for collecting and analyzing fingerprints has evolved significantly, the fundamental principles of comparison remain the same. The method is widely accepted in legal systems globally as a powerful tool for identifying individuals and linking them to crime scenes.