Sormenjälkikuvioita

Sormenjälkikuvioita, known in English as fingerprints, are unique impressions left by the ridged surface of human skin. These patterns are formed by friction ridges, which are raised portions of the epidermis found on the fingers and thumbs. The friction ridges are composed of epidermal sweat and oil glands, and they leave behind a visible or latent print when they come into contact with a surface.

The patterns of these ridges are highly individualized and remain consistent throughout a person's life, from development in the womb until decomposition after death. This permanence and uniqueness make fingerprints a valuable tool in identification. There are three main types of fingerprint patterns: arches, loops, and whorls. Arches are characterized by ridges that enter from one side of the print, rise in the center, and exit on the other side. Loops have ridges that enter from one side, curve around, and exit on the same side. Whorls are the most complex, featuring circular or spiral patterns.

The study and use of fingerprints for identification is called dactyloscopy. In forensic science, fingerprints are collected from crime scenes to link suspects to a location or an object. They can also be used for non-forensic purposes, such as verifying identity for access control or for official documentation. The detailed analysis of minutiae, or specific characteristics within the fingerprint patterns, such as ridge endings and bifurcations, allows for definitive matches between prints.