Sociológia

Sociológia is the scientific study of society, including patterns of social relationships, social interaction, and culture. It examines how social structures, institutions, and individual actions shape human behavior and societal outcomes. Sociologists use a variety of research methods, including surveys, interviews, ethnography, and statistical analysis, to gather data and test theories. The discipline seeks to understand the origins, development, and functioning of human societies.

Key concepts in sociology include social structure, social stratification, social institutions (such as family, education, and government), and social change. Sociologists explore phenomena like inequality, crime, religion, race, gender, and globalization. The field is broad, encompassing various subfields such as urban sociology, political sociology, and sociology of the family.

The origins of sociology can be traced back to the 19th century, with thinkers like Auguste Comte, Émile Durkheim, Karl Marx, and Max Weber laying foundational principles. These early sociologists aimed to apply scientific methods to the study of social life, seeking to understand the transformations occurring in their time, such as industrialization and urbanization. Today, sociology continues to evolve, addressing contemporary social issues and contributing to a deeper understanding of the human condition.