Smallfish

Smallfish is a vernacular term used in some English-speaking regions to describe small-bodied fish. It is not a taxonomic group and there is no universally accepted definition of which species qualify as smallfish.

Usage depends on context. In commercial fisheries, smallfish may refer to individuals under a regional size threshold or to juvenile specimens of larger species. In the aquarium trade and hobbyist communities, smallfish usually denotes small, hardy species suitable for community tanks or beginner keepers.

Taxonomy and biology vary widely among species labeled as smallfish. The category can include freshwater minnows and gobies, as well as certain small pelagic species in coastal waters. Typical characteristics include small size, short lifespans, and, in many species, schooling behavior and omnivorous or opportunistic diets.

Ecology and human use: As prey, smallfish support higher trophic levels and help linking primary production to larger predators. Some populations are affected by habitat loss, pollution, and overfishing when they are targeted for bait or human consumption; others remain common in healthy ecosystems. In aquaria, smallfish are valued for color, vigor, or ease of care, but they can require careful husbandry and compatible tank mates.

Related topics include baitfish, whitebait, and the aquarium fish trade.