Skumsläckmedel

Skumsläckmedel, or foam extinguishing agent, is a substance used to extinguish fires. It works by forming a foam blanket over the burning material, which cools the fuel, separates it from the oxygen supply, and prevents re-ignition. This method is particularly effective against Class A fires (ordinary combustibles like wood and paper) and Class B fires (flammable liquids like gasoline and oil).

There are several types of foam concentrates, each suited for different applications. Aqueous Film Forming Foam (AFFF) is a common type that creates a thin film of water over the flammable liquid surface, rapidly suppressing vapors. Protein-based foams and synthetic foams are other categories. The choice of foam concentrate depends on the type of fuel, the size of the fire, and environmental considerations.

Foam is typically mixed with water in specific proportions at the fire scene using proportioning devices. This mixture is then applied to the fire using nozzles, monitors, or through fixed systems. The foam concentrate itself is usually stored in drums or tanks and is a critical component of many fire suppression systems in industries such as aviation, oil and gas, and chemical manufacturing.

While highly effective, the environmental impact of some older foam formulations, particularly those containing per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), has led to a shift towards more environmentally friendly alternatives. Regulations and research are ongoing to develop and implement sustainable foam solutions.