Skaalislihakset

Skaalislihakset, also known as scalene muscles, are a group of three muscles located in the neck. These muscles are the anterior scalene, the middle scalene, and the posterior scalene. They originate from the cervical vertebrae and insert onto the first and second ribs. Their primary functions include flexing and laterally rotating the neck, as well as elevating the rib cage during forced inhalation.

The anterior scalene muscle attaches to the anterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the lower cervical vertebrae (C3-C6) and inserts onto the scalene tubercle of the first rib. The middle scalene muscle originates from the posterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the lower cervical vertebrae (C2-C7) and inserts onto the superior surface of the first rib, posterior to the subclavian artery groove. The posterior scalene muscle arises from the posterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the lower cervical vertebrae (C5-C7) and inserts onto the outer surface of the second rib.

Due to their proximity to vital structures in the neck, the scalene muscles can be involved in various conditions. For example, scalene muscle spasms can contribute to neck pain and stiffness. The anterior scalene muscle is also significant because it can compress the brachial plexus and the subclavian artery, leading to thoracic outlet syndrome. This condition can cause pain, numbness, and weakness in the arm and hand. Rehabilitation for issues involving the scalene muscles often includes stretching and strengthening exercises to improve posture and reduce muscle tension.