Siirtosähköjännitteet

Siirtosähköjännitteet, often translated as transmission voltages, refer to the high electrical potential levels used in the transmission of electricity over long distances. These voltages are significantly higher than those used in local distribution networks or by end-consumers. The primary reason for using high voltages is to reduce power loss during transmission. According to the formula for power loss (P_loss = I^2 * R), where I is the current and R is the resistance of the transmission line, increasing the voltage while keeping the power transmitted constant necessitates a decrease in current. A lower current, in turn, leads to substantially less energy being dissipated as heat in the transmission wires.

The generation of these high voltages typically occurs at power plants using step-up transformers. Once the electricity reaches its destination, step-down transformers are used to reduce the voltage to levels suitable for distribution networks, and further step-down transformers lower it again for use in homes and businesses. The specific voltage levels employed vary depending on the country, the distance of transmission, and the amount of power being transferred, but commonly range from tens of thousands of volts to hundreds of thousands of volts, and even up to a million volts in some ultra-high voltage (UHV) systems. The infrastructure for carrying these siirtosähköjännitteet includes extensive networks of power lines supported by tall pylons, as well as substations equipped with transformers, circuit breakers, and other essential equipment. Safety considerations are paramount, as these high voltages pose significant risks.