SiH3Cl

SiH3Cl, commonly referred to as chlorosilane, is a silicon-containing compound with the formula SiH3Cl. It belongs to the family of chlorosilanes, formed by substituting a single hydrogen in silane (SiH4) with chlorine. The compound is a colorless and highly reactive substance that is volatile at room temperature and is typically handled under dry, inert conditions.

Physical and chemical properties: SiH3Cl is moisture sensitive and reacts readily with water and oxygen. In contact with water, it hydrolyzes to produce hydrochloric acid and silica- or silanol-containing species, which can condense to form silicon dioxide. The presence of both Si–H and Si–Cl bonds makes it a versatile building block for further chemical transformations, including hydrosilylation-type reactions and halogen exchange to generate other silicon-containing compounds. It can also release hydrogen chloride gas upon hydrolysis or exposure to moisture.

Production and handling: SiH3Cl is usually prepared by controlled chlorination of silane derivatives or through the redistribution and purification of chlorosilanes, followed by distillation under inert atmosphere. It is stored in dry, corrosion-resistant containers and used with appropriate fume protection to avoid exposure to moisture and oxidizers.

Applications: In industry, SiH3Cl serves as a silicon-containing precursor for chemical vapor deposition and the synthesis of organosilicon compounds. It can be employed as a reactive building block for producing silicon-containing polymers and coatings, or converted in situ to other silicon chlorides or hydrides as needed.

Safety: SiH3Cl is corrosive and reacts with water to form HCl and silica. It should be handled with appropriate personal protective equipment, in a well-ventilated area, and away from moisture sources.