Sharpeysvezels

Sharpey's fibers are bundles of collagen fibers that anchor connective tissue to bone. They are primarily composed of type I collagen and are named after the 19th‑century anatomist William Sharpey. In dentistry, the term refers to the terminal portions of periodontal ligament fibers that insert into the cementum of the tooth root and into the surrounding alveolar bone, forming a key part of the tooth’s attachment apparatus.

Anatomy and location: Sharpey’s fibers extend from fibroblasts within the periodontal ligament and insert obliquely into both the cementum of the tooth root and the lamellar bone of the alveolar socket. These mineralized ends create strong, anchored connections that transmit functional forces from the tooth to the surrounding bone during chewing and biting. Similar collagen fiber insertions also occur at the periosteal surface of non-dental bones, where Sharpey’s fibers anchor periosteum to bone.

Function: The primary role of Sharpey’s fibers is anchorage. By securing the tooth to the alveolar bone and distributing occlusal loads, they help stabilize teeth within their sockets and contribute to the integrity of the periodontium. They also assist in resisting multi-directional forces encountered during mastication.

Clinical relevance: Destruction or remodeling of Sharpey’s fibers occurs in periodontal disease and other conditions affecting the periodontal ligament, potentially leading to tooth mobility. Healing after injury or periodontal therapy often involves reorganization and re‑insertion of these fiber bundles into cementum and bone.

See also: Periodontal ligament, Cementum, Periosteum.