Seriekoplede

Seriekoplede, or series-connected, refers to a configuration in which two or more electrical elements are connected end-to-end in a single path, so current flows through them sequentially. In a series circuit, the same current passes through every component because there is only one path for the current.

Key properties of seriekoplede include:

- The current I is the same through all components.

- The total voltage is the sum of the voltages across each component: V_total = V1 + V2 + ... + Vn.

- The total resistance for resistors in series is the sum of their resistances: R_total = R1 + R2 + ... + Rn.

- For capacitors in series, the reciprocals add: 1/C_eq = 1/C1 + 1/C2 + ... + 1/Cn. For inductors in series, the inductances add: L_eq = L1 + L2 + ... + Ln.

- In AC circuits, the same principle applies with impedances Z instead of resistances.

Voltage division in seriekoplede follows V_i = I × R_i (or V_i = I × Z_i in AC), so the individual voltages add up to the total. If one component opens the circuit (infinite resistance), the entire series circuit stops conducting. If a component short-circuits (zero resistance), it can disproportionately affect the voltage distribution among the remaining elements.

Common applications include configurations where a controlled current through all components is needed or where voltages must be shared among several elements. Limitations include sensitivity to component tolerances and the risk that a fault in one element disrupts the entire chain. Seriekoplede is contrasted with parallel connections, where voltages are the same across components and currents add.