Sensibilisators

Sensibilisators are substances that can cause or increase a person's sensitivity to a particular allergen. This means that even a small exposure to the allergen, which might not have caused a reaction in the past, can trigger an allergic response after sensitization has occurred. Sensitization is a process that typically happens over time through repeated exposure. The body's immune system mistakenly identifies the substance as harmful and begins to produce antibodies, specifically immunoglobulin E (IgE), against it. Upon subsequent exposures, these IgE antibodies bind to mast cells and basophils, leading to the release of chemicals like histamine, which cause allergic symptoms.

Common examples of sensibilisators include certain chemicals found in cosmetics, fragrances, and industrial products, as well as some plant pollens, insect venoms, and specific foods. The development of sensitization is an individual process; not everyone exposed to a potential sensibilisator will become sensitized. Factors like genetics, the route and duration of exposure, and the concentration of the substance can all play a role. Once sensitized, an individual may experience a range of allergic reactions, from mild skin rashes or itching to more severe respiratory problems or anaphylaxis, depending on the allergen and the level of exposure. Identifying and avoiding sensibilisators is a key strategy for managing allergies.