Semirechye

Semirechye, also known as Zhetysu, is a historical and geographical region located in present-day southeastern Kazakhstan and parts of neighboring Kyrgyzstan and China. The name "Semirechye" is Russian for "seven rivers," referring to the major rivers that historically flowed through the area and emptied into Lake Balkhash. These rivers are the Ili, Karatal, Aksu, Lepsa, Baskan, Sarkand, and Tentek. The region is characterized by its fertile river valleys, steppes, and mountainous terrain, including the Tian Shan mountain range.

Historically, Semirechye has been a crucial crossroads for trade and migration, situated along important Silk Road routes. It was a center for various nomadic Turkic groups, including the Karluks, Kipchaks, and Oghuz, who established their presence in the area over centuries. The region also witnessed the rise and fall of several states and khanates. In the 13th century, it became part of the Mongol Empire and later fragmented among successor states. During the 19th century, Semirechye was incorporated into the Russian Empire, and its administrative center was established in Verny, the precursor to modern-day Almaty.

The area is known for its rich archaeological heritage, with numerous ancient settlements, burial sites, and rock carvings providing insights into its past inhabitants and their cultures. Today, Semirechye remains an important agricultural and economic region, with significant livestock grazing and cultivation of crops. Its natural beauty, featuring diverse landscapes from arid steppes to alpine meadows, also contributes to its significance.