Selkäydinneste

Selkäydinneste, also known as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), is a clear, colorless liquid that surrounds the brain and spinal cord. It is produced by specialized cells in the ventricles of the brain called the choroid plexuses. The primary functions of CSF are to protect the central nervous system (CNS) by acting as a shock absorber, to provide nutrients to the brain and spinal cord, and to remove waste products.

The CSF circulates through the subarachnoid space, a cavity between the arachnoid mater and the pia mater, which are two of the meninges, the membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord. This continuous circulation helps maintain a stable environment for the CNS and transports substances essential for neuronal function. The pressure of the CSF is carefully regulated, and abnormalities in its pressure can indicate various neurological conditions.

Analysis of CSF, obtained through a procedure called a lumbar puncture (spinal tap), is a crucial diagnostic tool in medicine. Examining the composition of CSF can reveal signs of infection (like meningitis or encephalitis), inflammation, bleeding, or other diseases affecting the brain and spinal cord. For example, the presence of white blood cells can indicate infection, while the presence of red blood cells might suggest a subarachnoid hemorrhage. Abnormal levels of proteins, glucose, or other biomarkers can also provide vital information for diagnosis and treatment planning.