Selfdiscrepancyteorin

Self-discrepancy theory, developed by E. Tory Higgins, proposes that an individual's self-concept is comprised of three distinct components: the actual self, the ideal self, and the ought self. The actual self represents the attributes a person believes they currently possess. The ideal self consists of the attributes a person wishes they had, representing their aspirations and goals. The ought self, on the other hand, reflects the attributes a person believes they should possess, reflecting their sense of duty, obligations, and responsibilities.

The core of self-discrepancy theory lies in the discrepancies that can arise between these different self-representations. When there is a significant gap between an individual's actual self and their ideal self, it can lead to emotional consequences such as disappointment, frustration, and dejection. These emotions are often associated with the failure to achieve desired outcomes or attain personal aspirations.

Conversely, a discrepancy between the actual self and the ought self can result in emotional consequences like anxiety, fear, and guilt. These emotions typically arise from the perceived failure to meet obligations or adhere to standards of behavior. The theory suggests that the magnitude of these emotional experiences is related to the size of the self-discrepancy. Furthermore, individuals tend to be more sensitive to certain types of discrepancies based on their dispositional tendencies, such as being promotion-focused (attuned to gains and aspirations) or prevention-focused (attuned to losses and obligations). Understanding these discrepancies can offer insights into emotional well-being and motivate behavioral change.