Selasphorus

Selasphorus is a genus of small hummingbirds in the family Trochilidae, native to the Americas. It includes several western North American species and some Central American forms. Notable members are the Rufous Hummingbird (Selasphorus rufus), Allen's Hummingbird (Selasphorus sasin), and the Broad-tailed Hummingbird (Selasphorus platycercus).

Adults are among the smallest hummingbirds, typically 7–9 cm long and 2–3 g in weight. Males usually display a bright iridescent gorget, while females and juveniles are drabber. Plumage and tail shapes vary by species, but sexual dimorphism is common.

Diet consists mainly of nectar from tubular flowers, supplemented by small insects. They are highly territorial around productive nectar sources and can hover with rapid wingbeats. Foraging often follows trap-lining patterns to maximize nectar intake.

Range includes western North America and parts of Central America, with long seasonal migrations for many species. Rufous Hummingbirds, for example, migrate from the western United States and Alaska to wintering grounds in Mexico and Central America.

Reproduction involves a small cup-shaped nest built by the female from plant fibers and silk, placed on a branch. She incubates the eggs and feeds the young with insects and nectar. Molecular studies support Selasphorus as a distinct lineage within Trochilidae.