Schilddrüse

The Schilddrüse, or thyroid gland, is an endocrine gland located in the neck, below the larynx. It is part of the endocrine system, responsible for producing hormones that regulate metabolism. The thyroid gland is butterfly-shaped and consists of two lobes connected by an isthmus. Its primary function is to synthesize, store, and release thyroid hormones, mainly thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3).

These hormones are crucial for numerous bodily functions, including regulating heart rate, body temperature, digestion, and the rate at which cells convert nutrients into energy. The production of thyroid hormones is controlled by the pituitary gland, located in the brain, through the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). When thyroid hormone levels are low, the pituitary releases more TSH to stimulate the thyroid. Conversely, high levels of thyroid hormones inhibit TSH release.

Disruptions in thyroid function can lead to various conditions. Hypothyroidism occurs when the thyroid gland doesn't produce enough hormones, leading to a slowed metabolism. Symptoms can include fatigue, weight gain, and cold intolerance. Hyperthyroidism, on the other hand, results from an overactive thyroid producing too much hormone, accelerating metabolism and causing symptoms like weight loss, rapid heartbeat, and anxiety. Goiter, an enlargement of the thyroid gland, can occur in both hypo- and hyperthyroidism, as well as in cases of iodine deficiency. Regular medical check-ups can help monitor thyroid health.