Sarampión

Sarampión is a highly contagious viral illness caused by the measles virus. It is spread through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes. The virus can remain active and contagious in the air for up to two hours after an infected person leaves an area.

Symptoms typically appear 7 to 14 days after infection and include a high fever, cough, runny nose, red and watery eyes, and small white spots inside the cheeks (Koplik's spots). A characteristic rash, which starts on the face and spreads downwards, usually appears a few days after the initial symptoms. While most people recover from measles, it can lead to serious complications such as pneumonia, encephalitis (swelling of the brain), and even death, especially in young children and those with weakened immune systems.

There is no specific antiviral treatment for measles. The primary method of prevention is vaccination. The measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine is highly effective and safe, providing long-lasting protection against the disease. Vaccination programs have significantly reduced the incidence of measles worldwide, but outbreaks can still occur in communities with low vaccination rates. Good hygiene practices, such as frequent handwashing, can also help reduce the spread.