Saprótrofas

Saprótrofas are organisms that obtain nutrients by decomposing dead organic matter. This process is crucial for nutrient cycling in ecosystems, as saprótrophs break down complex organic compounds into simpler inorganic substances that can be reabsorbed by plants. Examples of saprótrophic organisms include many bacteria, fungi such as mushrooms and molds, and some invertebrates.

The feeding strategy of saprótrophs involves external digestion. They secrete enzymes onto their food source, which break down the organic material into soluble molecules. These molecules are then absorbed by the organism. This method allows them to consume large and complex materials that they cannot ingest directly.

Saprophytic fungi are particularly well-known for their role as decomposers. They have a network of hyphae that penetrate dead plant and animal tissues, releasing digestive enzymes and absorbing nutrients. This decomposition is essential for preventing the accumulation of dead organic material and returning vital elements like carbon and nitrogen to the environment. Without saprótrophs, ecosystems would be choked with dead debris, and nutrient availability for primary producers would be severely limited. Their ecological importance is therefore immense, supporting the foundation of many food webs.