Samodzielnym

Samodzielnym is the instrumental singular form of the Polish adjective samodzielny, which means independent or self-reliant. The form is used with masculine nouns in the instrumental case, as well as with neuter nouns in the instrumental. In many contexts, instrumental and locative forms share the same ending for masculine and neuter singular, so samodzielnym can also appear in locative constructions after prepositions such as w or na. In predicative use with a noun, as in Jestem samodzielnym człowiekiem, the form marks independence in combination with a masculine noun.

Etymology and related forms: samodzielny is derived from sam- “self” and dzielny “capable, brave” or “able,” reflecting the sense of self-sufficiency. The feminine and neuter base forms are samodzielna and samodzielne, respectively, with plural forms such as samodzielni (masc. personal), samodzielne (neuter), and samodzielne (fem./plural) depending on gender and number. The adverbial form is samodzielnie, meaning independently or autonomously.

Usage: samodzielnym is commonly found in contexts describing people, organizations, or processes that operate without external assistance. Examples include samodzielny uczeń (“an independent student”) and samodzielne mieszkanie (“an independent apartment”). The adverbial counterpart samodzielnie is used to describe actions performed without help, e.g., działać samodzielnie.

See also: samodzielny, samodzielnie, autonomiczny.