STIprevention

STI prevention refers to strategies designed to reduce the risk of acquiring or transmitting sexually transmitted infections. STIs include bacterial infections such as chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis; viral infections such as HIV, HPV, and hepatitis B; and parasites such as trichomoniasis. Many STIs are curable or preventable, and prevention remains a key public health priority.

Primary prevention focuses on reducing exposure and transmission. This includes using condoms consistently and correctly (latex or polyurethane), using appropriate lubricants, and avoiding shared sex toys or cleaning between uses. Vaccination reduces risk for certain infections, notably the HPV vaccine and hepatitis B vaccine. Limiting the number of sexual partners and engaging in mutual monogamy with a tested partner also lowers risk.

Prevention for HIV includes PrEP for people at high risk and PEP after potential exposure, with regular HIV testing. Regular screening for other STIs is also important since many infections are asymptomatic. Testing recommendations vary by age, risk, and location; common targets include chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis, HIV, and hepatitis B.

Education, stigma reduction, and access to care are essential. Treating partners promptly, avoiding reinfection, and using safe sex practices during all sexual activities support ongoing prevention. Public health programs and clinician guidance emphasize routine testing, vaccination where available, and clear communication between partners about risk and preventive steps.