SOFCteknologia

SOFCteknologia refers to Solid Oxide Fuel Cell technology. These fuel cells operate at high temperatures, typically between 500 and 1000 degrees Celsius. This high operating temperature allows for the use of a solid ceramic material as the electrolyte, which conducts ions but not electrons. The main components of a SOFC include a solid ceramic anode, a solid ceramic electrolyte, and a solid ceramic cathode. When a fuel, such as hydrogen or natural gas, is supplied to the anode and an oxidant, usually air, is supplied to the cathode, an electrochemical reaction occurs. At the anode, the fuel is oxidized, releasing electrons and ions. These ions then migrate through the solid electrolyte to the cathode. At the cathode, the ions combine with the oxidant to form water or other byproducts, and the electrons return to the anode through an external circuit, generating electricity.

The high operating temperatures of SOFCs offer several advantages. They enable internal reforming of hydrocarbon fuels, meaning complex fuels can be converted into simpler ones directly within the fuel cell, eliminating the need for separate reforming units. This also leads to higher electrical efficiency compared to lower-temperature fuel cells. Furthermore, the ceramic materials used in SOFCs are resistant to sulfur poisoning, a common issue for other fuel cell types. SOFCs are versatile and can be scaled for various applications, from small-scale distributed power generation to large industrial power plants. They are considered a promising technology for clean energy production due to their high efficiency and low emissions, particularly when fueled by renewable sources.