SLC22A2

SLC22A2 is a human gene that encodes the organic cation transporter 2 (OCT2), a membrane protein primarily expressed in the kidney and liver. This transporter belongs to the solute carrier family 22 (SLC22), which facilitates the uptake of various organic cations, including drugs, toxins, and endogenous compounds. OCT2 plays a critical role in the renal excretion of cationic drugs, influencing their pharmacokinetics and therapeutic efficacy.

The SLC22A2 gene is located on chromosome 6q26.3 and consists of 12 exons. Mutations or polymorphisms in this gene can lead to altered OCT2 function, affecting drug clearance and potentially causing adverse drug reactions or reduced therapeutic effects. For example, certain variants have been associated with variations in the elimination of medications such as metformin, dopamine, and some anticancer drugs.

OCT2 is also involved in the transport of endogenous substances, including neurotransmitters and metabolic waste products. Its activity is regulated by factors such as pH, membrane potential, and interactions with other proteins. Dysfunction of OCT2 has been linked to conditions like chronic kidney disease, where impaired drug excretion may contribute to toxicity.

Research on SLC22A2 has implications for personalized medicine, as genetic testing for OCT2 variants could help optimize drug dosing and minimize side effects. Further studies are ongoing to fully understand its role in health and disease.